Preventive and therapeutic potential of B-group vitamins in the regulation of low-grade chronic inflammation, stress and pain (literature review)

Rekalov D.G.¹, Oros M.M.², Akimov O.Ye.³, Kostenko V.O. ³, Kostenko H.V.³, Filatova V.L.³, Frenkel Yu.D.⁴

• ¹SI «National scientific center «Institute of Cardiology named after academician M.D. Strazhesko» National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv
• ²Uzhhorod National University, Uzhhorod
• ³Poltava State Medical University, Poltava
• ⁴Petro Mohyla Black Sea National University, Mykolaiv

Summary. Low-grade chronic inflammation is a central pathogenic mechanism in numerous noncommunicable diseases, including metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative disorders, anxiety-depressive conditions, and chronic pain. Its pathogenesis involves innate immune activation, disrupted energy metabolism, oxidative stress, epithelial dysfunction, and dysregulation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis. Maintaining physiological homeostasis under these conditions requires an integrative approach, where the role of nutraceutical modulation is growing. In particular, B-group vitamins are being explored as potential regulators of immune, metabolic, and neuronal functions. This study aims to provide a systematic review of the literature on the functional role of B-group vitamins in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammation, psychoemotional stress, and nociceptive dysregulation, and to assess their preventive and therapeutic potential. Materials and methods. A literature search and analysis were conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases covering the period 2010–2025. The selection included original research, meta-analyses, and reviews addressing the biochemical, clinical, and nutraceutical aspects of B-complex vitamin application. Results. B-group vitamins participate in over 300 enzymatic reactions essential for neurotransmitter synthesis, DNA remethylation, homocysteine regulation, antioxidant defense, modulation of inflammatory signaling, and restoration of cellular energy potential. Their combination with essential amino acids, trace minerals, and polyphenols enables a multimodal approach to nutritional support. This synergistic strategy offers not only biochemical complementarity but also potential clinical benefits-reduction of inflammation, improved stress adaptation, and decreased pain sensitivity. Conclusions. B-group vitamins represent promising nutrients for the support of patients with chronic inflammation, metabolic disturbances, psychoemotional stress, and persistent pain. Their use in multimodal formulations should be considered a part of personalized strategies in nutraceutical and preventive medicine.